In the last two centuries, human ingenuity made it possible to control fully. The general conclusion of the thesis is that the refrigerant affects all of the measured properties negatively on the subject of lubrication and life of the rolling element bearing. This blend refrigerant is similar to r401a except, it is higher in r22 content. It is widely used in automotive air conditioning and medium temperature refrigeration in applications where r12 would have previously been used. Refrigerants thermodynamic, physical, chemical, safe ty related reading a pdf on a blackberry and environmental properties have been presented and discussed in the first part of the. These properties can be divided into favourable thermodynamic, chemical and physical properties. This section presents data for the thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants, arranged for the occasional users. A throttling valve should be used to control the flow of refrigerant to the suction side to ensure that a liquid. Freon refrigerants r11, r12, and r22, plus ammonia and water, will be discussed in terms of the abovementioned categories. Determination of phase diagrams accurate knowledge of high pressure phase equilibrium is of utmost interest in designing. Physical properties of hcfo1233zde journal of chemical.
R32 refrigerant is of interest as both a blend component for alternatives to r22 and r502 such as klea 407a and klea 410a, and as an attractive low gwp candidate for air conditioning. Please consult the msds for more comprehensive information. Here are some of the desirable properties of refrigerant explained in detail. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant. Most of the halogenated refrigerants meet these requirements. About tdx 20 refrigerant physical properties tdx 20 r22 r407c tdx 20 ph chart refrigerant properties metric bluon r458a bluon tdx 20 r458a is a refrigerant blend designed to replace r22. Refrigerants r407c and r407a properties, uses, storage, and handling. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. Goodwin10 developed a set of spreadsheet calculations of thermodynamic properties. Nov 21, 2012 this makes it an excellent environmentally friendly candidate for many applications including refrigeration, foam expansion agents, and as solvents.
Please note that for reduced gwp, klea 407a offers a good alternative. Temperature 5 storage and handling 6 bulk and cylinder 6 maintenance 6 leak detection 6 retrofitting existing r22 systems 7 retrofit procedures 7. Refrigerant r4a tables of the thermodynamic properties of hfc4a have been developed and are presented here. Desirable properties of refrigerants used in refrigeration applications like physical, chemical, environmental properties including economic. This paper summarizes the impact of thermophysical properties on refrigerant. This makes it an excellent environmentally friendly candidate for many applications including refrigeration, foam expansion agents, and as solvents.
The physical properties of alkenes and alkynes are generally similar to those of alkanes or cycloalkanes with equal numbers of carbon atoms. These properties are pressure, temperature, volume, density, enthalpy, flammability, ability to mix with oil, moisture reaction, odor, toxicity, leakage tendency, and leakage detection. The matching of operation the transcritical air conditioning system with heating and cooling applications gives very high energy efficiency. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant author. Table 1 lists selected thermo physical properties ptb 1427 pdf of r404a and r410a in. The present study is concerned with properties of possible alternatives to the fully halogenated chlorofluorcarbons, a class of compounds widely used as working fuids refrigerants in refrigeration and airconditioning. Physical properties tdx 20 r22 r407c tdx 20 ph chart enthalpy btulbm pressure psig refrigerant properties imperial bluon r458a bluon tdx 20 r458a is a refrigerant blend designed to replace r22. Binary systems including old refrigerant generate different shapes of phase envelops. Desirable properties of refrigerants chemical engineering site. The pressureenthalpy diagrams for freon 407c are shown in figures 1 and 2. Please note that not all products are available in all markets. Today there is no difficulty in sourcing all the necessary equipment. The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property charge.
It is essential that systems be charged with liquid from the cylinder. Physical properties of refrigerants low freezing point. Request pdf measurement of physical properties of refrigerant mixtures. It is normally odorless, although at high concentrations in air greater than 20 percent by volume it has a faint etherlike smell. Refrigerant mixtures are very interesting from the point of view of thermodynamics and phase diagrams. This paper summarizes the impact of thermo physical properties on refrigerant. In the last two centuries, human ingenuity made it. R4a is the nonflammable and nonexplosive, has toxicity within limits and good chemical stability. As a refrigerant, it is a manufactured product that conforms to strict purity specifications.
Sulfur dioxide was widely used as refrigerant during the early 20th century. R22 basic physical properties agc chemicals company. Physical properties chemical formula ch 2 fcf 3 molecular weight 102. Refrigerant r4a is a hydrofluorocarbon hfc that has zero potential to cause the depletion of the ozone layer and very little greenhouse effect. The system pressures are much higher than in conventional systems, and all the components are designed accordingly. Discuss refrigerant selection criteria based on thermodynamic, thermophysical, environmental and economic properties section 26.
Effects of refrigerant properties on refrigerant performance citeseerx. Jun 02, 2019 carbon dioxide is widely used as a refrigerant in mechanical systems refrigerant, marine services, hospitals, etc. Table aesuperheated refrigerant4a figure a14eph diagram for refrigerant4a table a16eproperties of the atmosphere at high altitude table a17eidealgas properties of air table a18eidealgas properties of nitrogen, n 2 table a19eidealgas properties of oxygen, o 2 table a20eidealgas properties of carbon dioxide, co 2. Agas au11734 r22 is a single component hcfc refrigerant that has historically been used for air conditioning, medium temperature and low temperature refrigeration. All of the r407series refrigerants are based on blends of the three hfc refrigerants r32, r125 and r4a. Refrigerant r22 properties properties of refrigerant r22 dichlorodifluoromethane saturated liquid and saturated vapor imperial and metric units. Refrigerant r507 210 refrigerant saturation temperature 210 refrigerant evaporation 210 refrigerant condensation 210 refrigerantoil relationships 210 refrigerant tables 211 saturation properties 212 pocket temperaturepressure charts 212 section 3 the refrigeration cycle simple compression refrigeration cycle 31 heat of compression 32. R32 is suitable for new equipment specifically designed for r32, in applications that used to use r410a. Refrigerants thermodynamic, physical, chemical, safe ty related and environmental properties have been presented and discussed in the first part of the paper. This article describes thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants the ideal refrigerant. It is epa and ashrae approved for hvac and refrigeration applications. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant.
Comparison of environmental impacts and physical properties of refrigerants ko matsunaga executive summary even before the invention of refrigeration, people wanted to improve their life by using ice to provide cold drinks and preserve food. Measurement of physical properties of refrigerant mixtures. Refrigeration n changes phase due to change in pressure n most common cryogens are n solid carbon dioxide n liquid carbon cook chill systems n used to replace warm holding of foods n cook chill system. Physical properties of refrigerants molecular weight, boiling, freezing and critical points. R4a is an hfc refrigerant used on its own as a pure refrigerant and also as a component in many blends. Adobe pdf users will recognize the similarity to the. Table a superheated refrigerant4a figure a14 ph diagram for refrigerant4a figure a15 nelsonobert generalized compressibility chart table a16 properties of the atmosphere at high altitude table a17 idealgas properties of air table a18 idealgas properties of nitrogen, n 2 table a19 idealgas properties of oxygen, o 2. These tables are based on experimental data from the database at the national institute of standards and technology nist. The present study is concerned with properties of possible alternatives to the fully halogenated chlorofluorcarbons, a class of compounds widely used as working fuids. R4a is also known as tetrafluoroethane cf3ch2f from the family of hfc refrigerant. Refrigerants r407c and r407a properties, uses, storage. It has long been used in a variety of airconditioning and refrigeration applications in a variety of markets.
Following are properties of a good refrigerant given below. Write the chemical formula of a refrigerant from its number. The refrigerant in any refrigerator or air conditioner flows continuously through the vapor compression cycle, absorbing the heat in the evaporator and releasing it in the condenser. Safety is perhaps the most important single factor in the selection of a refrigerant. Refrigerants color codes refrigerants and their color codes. It is odorless, nontoxic, nonflammable, nonexplosive and noncorrosive. Alkynes have higher boiling points than alkanes or alkenes, because the electric field of an alkyne, with its increased number of weakly held. Refrigeration n changes phase due to change in pressure n most common cryogens are n solid carbon dioxide n liquid carbon cook chill systems n used to replace warm. Physical properties general physical properties for freon 407c and freon 407a are shown in table 3. On the other hand, refrigerants r449a and r452a exhibit 1. Refrigerant properties refrigerants can be characterized by a number of properties. In this work we have presented our measurements of physical properties like the boiling point, critical temperature, vapor pressure, liquid density, and surface tension of hcfo1233zde.
These physical properties of refrigerants help us select the proper refrigerant for the application as per our requirement. It can be blended with hfos to improve performance. R404a refrigerant is an established alternative to r22 and r502. To enable the use of smaller compressors and other equipment the refrigerant should have smaller vapor density. Whenever we choose them for particular use properties of refrigerants also plays a vital role in economic and environmental friendly application. It also provides a closer match to r500 at airconditioning temperatures. Refrigerant properties glide and heat exchanger performance r404a is a quasiazeotrope refrigerant blend, which means it condenses and boils at nearly the same temperature for a given pressure temperature glide lower than 0. In todays world, other properties of the refrigerant are more important. General physical properties freon 12 is a colorless gas at room temperature, although it is typically compressed to a liquefied form. Its gwp of 675 is within the acceptable limits for refrigerant gases used in new equipment splits with a load less than 3 kg, put on the market from 01012025, in compliance with european regulation ec no. Vapour charging solstice n40 may result in the wrong refrigerant composition and could damage the system. Usually, a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle that can extract heat from another body or substance. List important thermodynamic and environmental properties influencing refrigerant selection. The thermochemical and physical properties of each refrigerant were used to.
Duponttm refrigerants, technical information keywords. Spreadsheet calculations of thermodynamic properties. Additional physical property data may be found in other chemours publications. Apr 12, 2020 whenever we choose them for particular use properties of refrigerants also plays a vital role in economic and environmental friendly application.
Refrigerant r4a properties thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r4a. This refrigerant was introduced commercially in the early 1960s for low temperature applications and is particularly suitable for hermetic compressors. Refrigerant properties refrigerant selection involves compromises between conflicting desirable properties. Physical properties of refrigerants molecular weight, boiling, freezing and critical points engineering toolbox resources, tools and basic information for engineering and design of technical applications. Its gwp of 675 is within the acceptable limits for refrigerant gases used in new equipment splits with a load less than 3 kg, put on the market from 01012025, in. Technical information at22 thermodynamic properties of dupontz freon. Refrigerants physical properties engineering toolbox. Table a18 idealgas properties of nitrogen, n 2 table a19 idealgas properties of oxygen, o 2 table a20 idealgas properties of carbon dioxide, co 2 table a21 idealgas properties of carbon monoxide, co table a22 idealgas properties of hydrogen, h 2 table a23 idealgas properties of water vapor, h 2 o table a24 idealgas. Positively innovative refrigerants r32 daikin chemical europe.
Refrigerant 12 dichlorodifluoromethane properties of saturated liquid and saturated vapor. With the discovery of the damaging effect of cfcs and hcfcs refrigerants to the ozone layer, the hfc family of refrigerant has been widely used as their replacement. Air2 1 isopentane 14 refrigerant 28 ammonia 2 lithium 15 refrigerant 14 29. This blend has a higher capacity at lower temperatures and matches r12 at 20f. Technical information sheet physical properties of refrigerants.
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